Submissions

Author Guidelines

Publication requirements

Publications are accepted in English, German, French, Ukrainian, and all Slavic languages.

The approximate size of the article would be 20 to 40 thousands characters.

The article must be clearly structured, and it should contain the following blocks:

• Introduction, where the problem is formulated and its connections with the important scientific and / or practical applications are highlighted.

• Theoretical background, where the following points are to be presented: 1) an analysis of the recent research and publications on the topic which serve as the basis for the investigation, along with indicating any gaps or unexplored issues in the previous research; 2) the aim and the objectives of the article.
• Methods.
• Results and discussion, where the main stages of the research conducted by the author are described together with justification of the obtained scientific results.
• Conclusions and prospects for further research.

Each section starts a new paragraph and is typed in regular body font. Headings are to be typed in bold using the same body font. Results and discussion section may include several subheadings which should correspond to the research stages.

Technical Instructions for Design

Manuscripts (articles, reviews, etc) are given in electronic variant in form Microsoft Word (Times New Roman, size – 10,5, inter-line interval – 1, paragraph – 1.0 cm, margins: left – 1,9mm, right – 6,5 mm, upper –  2,0 mm, lower– 6 mm); in size doc.

The following data before the main text of the article:

• JEL Classification Code
• Author’s name and surname
• Article title
• A small annotation (400-500 signs with blanks, in italics) and key words (5-7 words, in italics), in article language.

Layout and formatting of the main text

• Quotation and citation in the article should comply to APA Standard (6 th edition). The author’s surname, year of publication, page number are reported in round brackets. For example: (Bondarko, 2011, p. 35). Between letter p., that introduces the page number, and the citated page number itself, a non-breakable space (NBSP) should be inserted (Ctrl + Shift + Space).
• Whenever the citated researchers’ names are mentioned in the text, a non-breakable space (NBSP) should be inserted (Ctrl + Shift + Space) between the initial and the surname: L. Tesnière.
• It is recommended to incorporate clarifications and comments, if the author thinks they are necessary, into the text of the article, and format them as footnotes with end-to-end numbering (1, 2, 3 ...). Notes (footnotes) should be inserted automatically (Insert – Footer).
• Cited quotations should be translated into the language of the article. Archival sources and manuscripts are to be cited and published in the original language.Both the contents and references to the cited pages must accurately correspond to the original source.
• The names of any cited periodicals appear in the text in the original language.
• Any supporting examples and other illustrative material should be typed in italics, without quotation marks. The points the author wishes to highlight are to be typed in bold italics. Any underlined text should be avoided.
• If any schemes appear in the article, they must be grouped (Layout – Arrange –Selection pane. With the help of “Selection pane” menu, select objects to be grouped and press “Group”). Besides, all the pictures, graphics and schemes should be copied into a separate file, which is submitted along with the main file of the article (e.g. Shevchenko_scheme).
• Only this design of quotation marks is recommended: «... ...». If quotes contain words embedded in quotation marks, please use the double quotation system (quotation marks inside quotation marks): «… “...”...».
• It is necessary to distinguish between dashes (–) and hyphens (-): their size is different; also, spaces are inserted before and after dashes.

Requirements for the list of sources

• Two reference lists – the original (Bibliography) and transliterated (References) – are placed after the main text of the article. If the entire list consists of English-language sources (or written in languages ​​with the Latin alphabet), then only one original list of references is included. Sources, written in Cyrillic (in alphabetical order), are placed at the beginning of the list, followed by the Latin alphabet (in alphabetical order).
• References for the electronic version of the publication must comply with APA Standard (6^th edition). To facilitate the design of the bibliography, you should use the following site: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/, or http://research.moreheadstate.edu/c.php?g=107001&p = 694716, as well as a service for creating bibliographies.
• The names of works written in languages with the Cyrillic alphabet (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian, etc.), as well as the names and surnames of their authors should be transliterated (for transliteration, it is recommended to use the resources: http://translit.kh.ua/?tkpn – for the Ukrainian language; http://www.translit.ru – for the Russian language). If the work already has an English title, the latter should be used instead of the transliterated version. For quoted sources that have DOI, it should be specified.
• The lists shouldn’t be numbered.

Requirements for the author’s resume

After the References section, two author’s abstracts are submitted – in Ukrainian (Summary) and in English (Abstract) ​​(2000-3000 characters with spaces). For foreign authors only an English abstract is required. An author’s abstract (Abstract) is a summary of the article, it can be published independently, not necessarily accompanied by the main text. Therefore, it should be understandable without resorting to the publication itself.

Abstracts should contain the following components:

 • The name and surname of the author;

 • Title

• Background.

• Purpose (Purpose of the article).

• Methods.

• Results.

• Discussion (Conclusions and Prospects).

• Keywords 5–8 words.

Each component is presented in a new paragraph in regular print, and the name of each section in bold.

References and Summaries are submitted in a separate document called Shevchenko_abstract.
Authors of articles (Shevchenko_data) must also submit the following information in a separate file:

• name and surname of the author;

• academic degree, title;

• position and place of work, city, country;

• email address;

• ORCID.

Procedure for Handling Complaints Regarding Violations of Academic Integrity and Publication Ethics

The editorial board considers complaints concerning potential violations of academic integrity (including plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication or
falsification, improper authorship, etc.), in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Academic Integrity” of 18 December 2025 No. 4742-IX, as well as with European and international standards of publication ethics.

Complaints may be submitted by any individual in written form and must be duly substantiated.

The procedure includes:

• preliminary review by the editorial board;
• request for explanations from the author(s);
• involvement of independent experts, if necessary;
• decision-making in accordance with publication ethics standards.

In the event that a violation is confirmed, the editorial board may:

• reject the manuscript;
• retract a published article;
• notify the author’s affiliated institution.

Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools

The policy on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools is aimed at ensuring compliance with the principles of academic integrity, scientific reliability, and responsibility in the creation and dissemination of scholarly knowledge. The purpose of this policy is to promote transparent, ethical, and responsible use of AI tools in the preparation, peer review, and editing of academic materials.

The editorial board of the scholarly journal LANGUAGE: Codification, Competence, Communication follows the provisions of the Recommendations on the Responsible Implementation and Use of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Higher Education Institutions issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine. These recommendations are intended to ensure the ethical, safe, and effective use of AI systems in educational, research, and innovation activities, as well as in the management of higher education institutions.

Declaration of AI Use
Authors submitting manuscripts to the journal are required to disclose any use of AI tools in the preparation of their articles. This information must be provided at the end of the manuscript, before the reference list, in a section entitled “Declaration of AI Use.”
In this section, authors must specify:

• the name, version, and developer of the AI tool used;
• the purpose of its use;
• the parts of the manuscript to which it was applied.

Authors bear full responsibility for the content, accuracy, originality, and scientific validity of their work.

Sample AI Use Declaration
The author(s) declare that AI tools (ChatGPT (OpenAI, 2026), Gemini (Google LLC, 2026)) were used during the preparation of the manuscript for auxiliary language editing and stylistic refinement of selected sections of the text (introduction, sections, conclusions). All outputs generated with the assistance of these tools were reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors. The authors confirm that the research design, data analysis, interpretation of results, and conclusions are the result of their own independent scholarly work.

Authorship and Responsibility
The editorial board does not consider manuscripts prepared through full or partial automated text generation without proper author verification and scholarly processing. AI technologies cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of academic publications.

Authors bear full responsibility for the content of the manuscript, its accuracy, reliability, and compliance with the principles of academic integrity. Authors must adhere to ethical standards, including those related to the protection of human rights, intellectual property, and personal data.

In cases of undisclosed use of AI tools, the editorial board reserves the right to reject the manuscript or take other appropriate editorial actions.

Use of AI for Editing and Language Support
The editorial board allows authors to use AI tools as auxiliary instruments in the preparation of manuscripts (e.g., for language editing, stylistic improvement, or translation), provided that the authors critically evaluate the outputs, maintain full control over the content, and assume full responsibility for all statements presented in the article.

Use of AI in the Peer Review Process
Peer review of manuscripts is conducted exclusively on the basis of independent expert evaluation by qualified reviewers. The use of AI tools for generating reviews or assessing the scientific content of submitted manuscripts is not permitted.

Reviewers must not upload manuscripts or any parts thereof to AI-based services, as such materials are confidential.

Decisions regarding the acceptance or rejection of manuscripts are made solely by the editors on the basis of reviewers’ expert evaluations. Editors ensure compliance with the AI policy, verify the presence of appropriate disclosures, and oversee the transparency and integrity of the publication process.

Procedure for retraction of published articles

1. General provisions
1.1. Retraction of a scientific publication is an official procedure for removing an article from scientific circulation due to the detection of significant violations of academic integrity, ethical norms or scientific reliability.
1.2. The journal adheres to the principles of academic integrity in accordance with the following:

• The Law of Ukraine "On Education" (Article 42),
• The Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity",
• The Law of Ukraine "On Academic Integrity" (December 18, 2025)
• recommendations of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine on
ensuring the quality of scientific publications,
• COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) standards.

1.3. Retraction is not a form of punishment, but serves as a mechanism for correcting the scientific record and protecting scientific reliability.

2. Grounds for retraction of an article

An article may be retracted if one or more of the following facts are established:

2.1. Violation of academic integrity:

• plagiarism (full or partial, including self-plagiarism);
• fabrication of data;
• falsification of research results;
• manipulation of data or images;
• unlawful authorship (including “guest” or “fictitious” authorship);
• duplication of publication (republication / redundant publication).

2.2. Scientific irrelevance:

• identification of critical errors in the methodology that cast doubt on the results;
• inability to reproduce the results due to significant defects in the study description;
• errors that significantly affect the conclusions.

2.3. Ethical violations:

• violation of confidentiality or protection of personal data;
• lack of informed consent of respondents (if necessary).

2.4. Legal grounds:

• establishment of copyright infringement;
• court or official decision;
• other legal restrictions on the dissemination of the material.

2.5. Conflict of interest:

• hidden financial or other conflicts of interest that have affected the results of
  the research.

3. Initiation of the retraction procedure
3.1. The procedure may be initiated by:

• the editorial board of the journal;
• the authors of the article;
• scientific institutions;
• readers or reviewers (through an official appeal);
• academic integrity bodies or the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

3.2. All appeals are submitted in writing with evidence of the violation.

4. Consideration of the appeal
4.1. The editorial board conducts an initial check of the validity of the complaint within 10–20 working days.
4.2. If necessary, an Ethics (Editorial) Commission is created, which may include:

• editor-in-chief;
• members of the editorial board;
• external independent experts.

4.3. The Commission analyzes:

• originality of the material (using anti-plagiarism systems);
• primary data (if possible);
• compliance with ethical standards;
• arguments of the parties.

4.4. The author(s) must receive notification of the start of the review and have the right to provide explanations within 10–15 working days.

5. Decision-making
5.1. The decision is made by the editorial board based on the conclusions of the Commission.
5.2. Possible results:

• full retraction of the article;
• partial retraction (in case of local errors);
• publication of a correction (corrigendum/erratum) without retraction;
• rejection of the complaint as unfounded.

5.3. The decision is protocoled by the editorial board.

6. Retraction procedure
6.1. In the event of retraction of an article, the journal:

• marks the article as “RETRACTED” in all electronic versions;
• does not completely remove the text of the article from the archive (it is stored for scientific transparency);
• adds an official notice of retraction.

6.2. The retraction notice contains:

• title of the article;
• authors;
• reason for retraction (with details);
• initiator of the procedure (if possible);
• date of decision;
• link to the original publication.

6.3. Retraction is carried out in accordance with the principle of transparency and immutability of the scientific archive.

7. Consequences of retraction

7.1. A retracted article:

• cannot be used as a reliable source of scientific information;
• should not be cited without a note about its status.

7.2. In case of serious violations:

• the journal may prohibit further publications of the author(s) for a specified period;
• may notify the author's institution and/or the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine;
• may refer the case to the relevant ethical or legal authorities.

8. Appealing the decision
8.1. The author(s) have the right to file an appeal within 30 calendar days.
8.2. The appeal is considered by an independent commission or external experts.
8.3. The final decision is binding on all parties..

9. Storage and publicity of information
9.1. All materials regarding retraction are stored by the editorial office for at least 5 years.
9.2. Information about retraction is open and available on the journal's website.

10. Final provisions
10.1. The journal supports the principles of open science, transparency and accountability.
10.2. The retraction procedure is aimed at maintaining the quality of scientific discourse and compliance with international publication standards.

Payment Information

All editorial procedures, including submission, review, and publication of articles, are free of charge to authors.

The journal does not charge an article processing fee (APC).

The journal is published using the material and technical facilities of Cherkasy State Technological University.